This is one of those clinical hurdles where you have to listen carefully to the examiner’s instruction, look at the neck and the praecordium, and then start the formal examination. In this tutorial various requests and instructions of the examiners are given together with the suggested response and a summary of the examination steps tailored to each case. A number of short cases together with their prominent clinical signs and the suggested methods are shown.
Dr M Afzal Mir, Senior Lecturer and Consultant Physician, UHW, Cardiff.
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